Overview of Orthopaedic Conditions
Orthopaedic conditions and injuries affecting the musculoskeletal system are among the most common causes of pain, disability and reduced quality of life in adults.
Whether the patient is dealing with a chronic condition, such as osteonecrosis or osteomyelitis, or complications arising after surgery, recovery often requires a multidisciplinary approach.
Within this framework, hyperbaric oxygen therapy may be used as an evidence-based adjunctive treatment alongside established orthopaedic care, including medication, surgery and physiotherapy. It may support tissue regeneration, help reduce inflammation and promote the healing process.
Its purpose is not to replace conventional treatments, but to complement and enhance their effectiveness.
Key Features of the Treatment
The use of hyperbaric oxygen therapy in orthopaedic conditions is based on the principle of increasing oxygen availability within the tissues. Under increased atmospheric pressure, the patient breathes pure oxygen, which dissolves in greater quantities in the blood plasma and reaches tissues where blood supply has been reduced due to injury or inflammation.
The principal effects of hyperbaric oxygen therapy in orthopaedic care may include:
- promoting the formation of new blood vessels in ischaemic areas;
- stimulating osteoblast activity to support bone regeneration;
- reducing post-traumatic swelling;
- providing an antimicrobial effect in cases of chronic infection, such as osteomyelitis;
- helping reduce pain through modulation of the inflammatory response.
Scientific Basis
The use of hyperbaric oxygen therapy in orthopaedic recovery is supported by a growing body of clinical research and guidance from international organisations, including the Undersea and Hyperbaric Medical Society (UHMS).
Research has indicated a potential therapeutic role in conditions such as osteonecrosis, chronic bone infections and delayed fracture healing. Studies involving patients with osteomyelitis have reported reductions in infection and improvements in tissue healing when hyperbaric oxygen therapy was incorporated as an adjunct to the overall treatment protocol.
It is important to emphasise that the benefits of hyperbaric oxygen therapy are greatest when it is used in combination with appropriate orthopaedic treatment or physiotherapy under the supervision of a specialist medical team.
Types of Orthopaedic Conditions
The following pages provide detailed information on orthopaedic conditions for which hyperbaric oxygen therapy may offer valuable adjunctive support:
Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy for Bone Marrow Oedema
Osteonecrosis
Fracture Non-Union
Delayed Fracture Healing
Osteomyelitis
Tendinitis
Tendinopathies
Periostitis
Musculoskeletal Injuries – Postoperative Recovery